Glossary Terms

The following is a glossary of real estate auction terms developed by the National Auctioneers Association and the Auction Marketing Institute. While it is a real estate glossary, most of the terms apply to all types of auctions.

• Absentee Bid: A procedure which allows a bidder to participate in the bidding process without being physically present. Generally, a bidder submits an offer on an item prior to the auction. Absentee bids are usually handled under an established set of guidelines by the auctioneer or his representative. The particular rules and procedures of absentee bids are unique to each auction company.
  
  
• Absentee Bidder: A person (or entity) who does not attend the sale but submits, in advance, a written or oral bid that is the top price he or she will pay for a given property.
  
  
• Absolute Auction: An auction where the property is sold to the highest qualified bidder with no limiting conditions or amount. The seller may not bid personally or through an agent. Also known as an auction without reserve.
  
  
• Accounting of Sale: A report issued to the seller by the auctioneer detailing the financial aspects of the auction.
  
  
• Agent: A person who acts for or in the place of another individual or entity by authority from them.
  
  
• Appraisal: The act or process of estimating value.
  
  
• Apprentice Auctioneer: An auctioneer who is in training, operating under the supervision of a licensed or experienced auctioneer.
  
  
• "As Is": Selling the property without warranties as to the condition and/or the fitness of the property for a particular use. Buyers are solely responsible for examining and judging the property for their own protection. Otherwise known as "As Is, Where Is" and "In its Present Condition."
  
  
• Auction: A method of selling property in a public forum through open and competitive bidding. Also referred to as: public auction, auction sale or sale.
  
  
• Auction Block: The podium or raised platform where the auctioneer stands while conducting the auction. "Placing (an item) on the auction block" means to sell something at auction.
  
  
• Auction Listing Agreement: A contract executed by the auctioneer and the seller which authorizes the auctioneer to conduct the auction and sets out the terms of the agreement and the rights and responsibilities of each party.
  
  
• Auction Marketer: An individual who contracts with sellers for the auction method of marketing property. In the case of real property, he or she may not actually conduct the sale but is directly responsible for all aspects of marketing the property.
  
  
• Auction Marketing: The method of marketing real property utilizing the auction method of sale.
  
  
• Auction Marketing Institute: Founded in 1976, this international association awards the professional designations CAI, GPPA and AARE to properly qualified auctioneers through education, experience, and adherence to a strict code of ethics and standards of practice. Formerly known as the Certified Auctioneers Education Institute Inc.
  
  
• Auction Plan: The plan for pre-auction, auction day and post auction activities.
  
  
• Auction Price: The price of a property obtained through the auction method of marketing.
  
  
• Auction Value: The price which a particular property brings in open competitive bidding at public auction.
  
  
• Auction With Reserve: An auction in which the seller or his agent reserves the right to accept or decline any and all bids. A minimum acceptable price may or may not be disclosed and the seller reserves the right to accept or decline any bid within a specified time..
  
  
• Auctioneer: The person whom the seller engages to direct, conduct, or be responsible for a sale by auction. This person may or may not actually call or cry the auction.
  
  
• Auctioneer Subcontractor: An auctioneer hired by the principal auctioneer.
  
  
• Ballroom Auction: An auction of one or more properties conducted in a meeting room facility.
  
  
• Bank Letter of Credit: A letter from a bank certifying that a named person is worthy of a given level of credit. Often requested from prospective bidders or buyers who are not paying with currency at auctions.
  
  
• Bid: A prospective buyer's indication or offer of a price he or she will pay to purchase property at auction. Bids are usually in standardized increments established by the auctioneer.
  
  
• Bid Acknowledgment: A form executed by the high bidder confirming and acknowledging the bidder's identify, the bid price and the description of the property. Also known as Memorandum.
  
  
• Bid Assistants: Individuals who are positioned throughout the attendees at the auction to assist the auctioneer, spot bidders and assist prospective bidders with information to help them in their buying decision. Also known as ringmen, bid consultants, bid spotters, or groundsmen.
  
  
• Bid Caller: The person who actually "calls," "cries or "auctions" the property at an auction, recognizing bidders and acknowledging the highest bidder. Commonly known as the auctioneer.
  
  
• Bid Rigging: The unlawful practice whereby two or more people agree not to bid against one another so as to deflate value.
  
  
• Bidder Number: The number issued to each person who registers at an auction.
  
  
• Bidder Package: The package of information and instructions pertaining to the property to be sold at an auction event obtained by prospective bidders at an auction. Sometimes called a bidder packet or due diligence package.
  
  
• Bidder's Choice: A method of sale whereby the successful high bidder wins the right to choose a property or properties from a grouping of similar or like-kind properties. After the high bidder's selection, the property is deleted from the group, and the second round of bidding commences, with the high bidder in round two choosing a property, which is then deleted from the group and so on, until all properties are sold.
  
  
• Bookkeeper or Clerk: The person who is responsible for the accounting and paperwork at an auction sale.
  
  
• Caveat Emptor: A Latin term meaning "let the buyer beware." A legal maxim stating that the buyer takes the risk regarding quality or condition of the property purchased, unless protected by warranty.
  
  
• Clerk: The person employed by the principal auctioneer or auction firm to record what is sold and to whom and for what price.
  
  
• Collusion: The unlawful practice whereby two or more people agree not to bid against one another so as to deflate value or when the auctioneer accepts a fictitious bid on behalf of the seller so as to manipulate or inflate the price of the property. Wind River has a policy against collusion.
  
  
• Commission: The plan for pre-auction, auction day and post auction activities.
  
  
• Conditions of Sale: The legal terms that govern the conduct of an auction, including acceptable methods of payment, terms, buyer's premiums, possession, reserves and any other limiting factors of an auction. Usually included in published advertisements or announced by the auctioneer prior to the start of the auction.
  
  
• Contract: An agreement between two or more persons or entities which creates or modifies a legal relationship.
  
  
• Critical Path: Sequence of key tasks to be done by auction contractor or other designated parties on specified dates, leading to desired goals.
  
  
• Due Diligence: The process of gathering information about the condition and legal status of assets to be sold.
  
  
• Estate Sale: The sale of property left by a person at his or her death. An estate auction can involve the sale of personal and/or real property.
  
  
• Graduate, Personal Property Appraiser (GPPA): The professional designation awarded to qualified property appraisers who meet the educational and experiential requirements of the Institute and who adhere to a strict code of ethics and standards of practice.
  
  
• Hammer Price: Price established by the last bidder and acknowledged by the auctioneer before dropping the hammer or gavel.
  
  
• Market Value: The highest price in terms of money which a property will bring in a competitive and open market under all conditions requisite to a fair sale, the buyer and seller, each acting prudently, knowledgeably and assuming the price is not affected by undue stimulus.
  
  
• Memorandum: Sometimes also referred to as a "Bidder Acknowledgment," or "Broker Acknowledgment," the memorandum is signed by those parties either on the auction floor or in the contract room.
  
  
• Minimum Bid Auction: An auction in which the auctioneer will accept bids at or above a disclosed price. The minimum price is always stated in the brochure and advertisements and is announced at the auctions. Wind River does not typically have a minimum bid.
  
  
• Minimum Opening Bid: The lowest acceptable amount at which the bidding must commence.
  
  
• National Auctioneers Association: An association of individual auctioneers united to promote the mutual interests of its members; formulate and maintain ethical standards for the auction profession; promote the enactment of just and reasonable laws, ordinances and regulations affecting auction selling; make the public more aware of the advantages of auction selling; and generally improve the business conditions affecting the auction profession.
  
  
• No-Sale Fee: A charge paid by the owner of property offered at a reserve auction when the property does not sell.
  
  
• Opening Bid: The first bid offered by a bidder at an auction.
  
  
• On-site Auction: An auction conducted on the premises of the property being sold.
  
  
• Preview: Specified date and time property is available for prospective buyer viewing and audits. Also known as Open House or Inspection.
  
  
• Reserve: The minimum price that a seller is willing to accept for a property to be sold at auction. Also known as the reserve price. Wind River does not typically favor reserves at its auctions.
  
  
• Reserve Auction: An auction in which the seller reserves the right to establish a reserve price, to accept or decline any and all bids or to withdraw the property at any time prior to the announcement of the completion of the sale by the auctioneer. See also Auction With Reserve.
  
  
• Sale Manager: The person designated by the auction company who is responsible for organizing the details of an auction. Also known as project manager.
  
  
• Sealed Bid: A method of sale utilized where confidential bids are submitted to be opened at a predetermined place and time. Not a true auction in that it does not allow for reaction from the competitive market place.
  
  
• Seller: Entity that has legal possession, (ownership) of any interests, benefits or rights inherent to the real or personal property.
  
  
• Tax Sale: Public sale of property at auction by governmental authority, due to nonpayment of property taxes.
  
  
• Terms: The period of time that an agreement is in effect.
  
  
• Terms and Conditions: The printed rules of the auction and certain aspects of the Purchase & Sale Agreement that are read and/or distributed to potential bidders prior to an auction sale.
  
  
• Tie Bids: When two or more bidders bid exactly the same amount at the same time and must be resolved by the auctioneer.
  
  
• Upset Price: Commonly known as the reserve price.
  
  
• Withdrawal: Failure to reach the reserve price or insufficient bidding.